1. The New Theory of Atomic Structure
2. Determinism
3. Maxwell Equations Generalization
4. Critics of Quantum Theory
5. Formalism

THE NEW THEORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC DYNAMIC ATOMIC STRUCTURE

The aim of this book is that one of promoting a new vision of the material world’s nature at the level of the atomic structure, for determining a beginning towards a more profound understanding of the universe of the material world.

A new approach of the atomic and sub-atomic structure based on a new interpretation of its theoretical foundations is necessary for explaining the experimental properties and the theoretical discovery of new properties. We propose a fundamental theoretical and methodological reconstruction of the atomic and molecular structure based on a dynamic model of profound electro¬magnetic interaction and self induction, which considers both the direct action and the „self-induction”, which lays at the theoretical basis of the new concept.

The atomic structure should be approached and understood as a complex unitary structure, formed by the atomic nucleus and the electrons cover, permanently interacting and mutually inter-conditioning each other. The electro-dynamic atomic model proposes itself to create models of interaction between atoms and to study the influence and effects of the electromagnetic waves upon the atoms and upon complex atomic structures (groups of atoms); to describe the transitory processes which take place within the atomic structure. We intend to explain the phenomena in its determination and physic process.

In the classical physics the possibility of describing physical phenomena, such as the motions of elements, is postulated by framing them in space and time. This hypothesis had an extraordinary success and solved the fundamental problems of knowledge. The settlement of precise links of the succession of all natural phenomena, from cause to effect, has led to the hypothesis of a universal determinism based on strict temporally causal relations.

We propose the electromagnetic dynamic atomic structure (EDAS) theory of the substance, where the interactions between the elements composing this structure are essential. The new theory of substance’s structure becomes completely compatible with the light’s wave theory; thus the compatibility of the material world within a high-level unitary theoretical system is achieved.

In chapter 1, we elaborated the theoretical framework that describe the theoretical foundation of the new theory. In chapter two we developed a system of 2nd order partial differential equations of hyperbolic type that describes the motion of two bodies with electric charge within a non-inertial system of reference, an exclusive interaction within a closed system in the presence of the electric and magnetic field, of the self-induced field and of its perturbation.

DETERMINISM

The continuous-type description is, from the generality point of view, superior to the discreet-type one and is associated to predictable phenomena; thus, if we know the state of a physical system at the moment t0 and the laws that describe that system, then we can describe the state of the system at the moment t1. This principle is successfully applied on a large scale in physics of phenomena, where the ideas of classical determinism, the acceptance of space and time as a measure of processes and phenomena description are completely valid.

In figure 1 we present the projections on the coordinate axes of the electron evolving action in the two plans x,y.

In figure 2 we present the same projections on coordinate axes x, y but using different input values for the system in use.

The formalism that describes the interaction of the dipole could be accepted as a foundation of the interaction of elementary particles at atomic level. The dipole structure must be regarded as a whole, a dipole-type complex interaction, as we describe it in chapter 3, among all the elementary particles that compose it. The model allows the calculus at every step of the interaction of all the fundamental measures that characterize the system: position towards the system of coordinates, acceleration, speed, impulse, acting force, oscillation frequency in space-time system. Thus we demonstrate that from a theoretical point of view the motion of an elementary particle could be described in a space-time system, knowing at every moment the position towards the chosen system of reference, the forces acting over the particle, acceleration, impulse and speed of displacement.

Having in view that in chapter 2 the terms of the equation of interaction were implicitly presented within the system of calculus, we developed in chapter 3 the equation of the generalized waves in a system of 2nd order partial equations of hyperbolic type for explaining the theoretical generalization of the electromagnetic interaction for the chosen model from a formal point of view.

In essence, the model of the hydrogen atom is represented by the electric dipole formed of an electron and a proton. This model could lay at the basis of the atomic description’s development or the subsequent development of more complex structures.

The promoted theory opens predictive theoretical perspectives in technology as it proposes a new vision on the structure of substance and the laws that govern it. First of all, it promotes a model in which the determinants are the energy aspects and not the mass quantitative ones.

The importance of the new theory is due to precise determination of the position in space of the elementary particles making use of the coordinates related to a non-inertial system of reference and the calculus at any moment of the position with all the variables that describe it.

A big number of the postulates of classical physics have been accepted for admitting the validity of the abstract spatial-temporal structure and for the possibility of pursuing the evolution of the physical world by making use of the well-determined and spatially localized quantities varying continuously in time, and the possibility of describing all the phenomena with the help of a system of differential equations.

We consider that through our scientific approach we achieved a better theoretical representation, an ampler and more intelligible explicative picture, closer to the common intuition and the classical way of representing the atomic model, generating a beginning in the description and understanding of the phenomena in many scientific fields.

The physics must re-discover and re-interpret the certainties and the classical determinism in describing the structure of the atom applying the classical way of thinking to the atomic scale.

This new theory, in my opinion, will become an important scientific instrument for increasing the theoretical understanding of the substance structure, but also a scientific fundament for new technologies through which can be found solutions for the permanently increasing need of energy.

MAXWELL EQUATIONS GENERALIZATION

The movement equations of the new theory:

(2.87)

This equations consists in deductively adding a new non-dissipative term within the equation, o reaction component of the interaction field - substance. This active component of electromagnetic nature, which we called vector of self-induced interaction of the dipole structure, represents the component of distortion of dipole’s interaction, different from zero. The dissipative component is maintained as term of the equation.

(2.88)

The complete Maxwell equations (that describe the temporal evolution) have the following form:

(2.92)

We propose a temporal evolution equation system:

(2.93)

where is a slow dimensional-equivalent measure of the form.

(2.94)

CRITICS OF QUANTUM THEORY

Therefore, at that moment of the quantum theory beginning, an enormous pressure was put on the existing of theoretical physics, aiming to elaborate a new atomic model which would harmonize the theoretical system and the new discoveries in the experimental field, especially the determination of the hydrogen’s emission specters, which led to the conclusion that the atomic structure must be a well defined one.

Abandoning the rigor of the scientific knowledge in its classical form, the scientists drawn the attention to the philosophers of different orientations, who for lack of major preoccupations and new themes of thinking, got involved in this field, uncritically approaching a domain in which the scientific knowledge was not able to clarify with its own means the hypotheses promoted by the quantum theory at its incipient stage. Thus, a philosophical trend of sustaining without reserve the quantum ideas was created, which determined a false legitimacy of the quantum theory, embezzling the scientific knowledge from its natural course.

In the quantum theory the description of phenomena seems to lose the individuality and autonomy of the causal portrayal as a mechanism in describing the motion of elementary particles. In its entirety, the quantum theory is irreconcilable with the idea of causality in its ensemble.

The ambiguous character of the atomic structure’s description is due to its confused system of cognition that incorporates the elements of the system without individualizing them, describing them as a diffuse positional conglomerate in which speed, acceleration, space and time disappear and are replaced by the probability of spatial localization. All of these are against our classical concepts and intuitions.

Unfortunately, a quantum apologetics was created and promoted by philosophers of science who do not possess a proper understanding of the quantum theory and of physical processes in their deepness, who describe real physical phenomena and consider the quantum theory as the ultimate form of scientific knowledge. On the other part the physicists do not understand the philosophical essence of quantum theory.

The quantum theory is fatally contradictory to our intuition and our principles of approaching and understanding physical processes and phenomena. It ignores the fact that the sterile formalizations and the accumulation of scientific data have no sense and do not become significant for knowledge unless they are based on a set of hypotheses more suitable proper for the field under investigation. The quantum theory has elaborated an indeterminist, non-causal and confuse model, without perceiving the physical essence of the interaction of elementary particles in motion and the interdependence of their action.

FORMALISM

For overstepping these major theoretical obstacles in elaborating a new theory, they used approximations and suppositions, thus straying away the model from the reality they were trying to describe. The chosen solution was to find a fundamental theoretical package with many estimations and they developed an extremely complex characteristic formalism (by formalism we understand the logical-mathematical ensemble of description and logical-mathematical development of a scientific theory), with a pronounced philosophically explicative conceptual component through which they were hoping to solve such a complex scientific issue – the fundamental structure of the substance. At the beginning of the 20th century, the fundamental conceptualization in physics and in other sciences was rigorously structured, which impelled an unprecedented development of the theoretical knowledge, which in its turn determined an impressive technical and technological progress.

The alienation from the classical spirit, from its rigorous thinking and norms, the conviction that through formalism the insuperable barriers could be overcome, determined many theoreticians to consider that they finally found a miraculous method of cognition, a fact that led to a certain exaltation regarding the quantum model and to a rejection of the traditional theoretical cognition in physics.

On the most general level, the major error in quantum theory was generated by the incorrect interpretation of the relations between formalism as a theoretical instrument and the reality that the theory was supposing to describe. As one cannot describe discreet-type probabilistic phenomena through systems of continuous functions’ equations, nor the continuous systems can be described and interpreted as random systems. The type of the mathematical modeling must correspond to the real system it proposes to theoretically describe.

There are theoreticians who render absolute the importance of the mathematical formalism within a theory. The example is the quantum theory in which the accent is put on formalism or even the theory is reduced to its formal part.

They intend to transfer the features of the formalism to the physical reality. Thus, the features of indeterminism and non-causality specific of the chosen formalism must be assigned to the atomic structure.

The transfer of formalism’s features over the reality supposed to be described has led to the development of a theory that explains and designs an indeterminist, non temporal and confused hypothetical reality.

Of course, nothing is absolutely and definitively established within the multitude of viewpoints regarding the concurrent theories, but for the traditional way of thinking the strangeness of the quantum ideas is so big that it cannot be accurately expressed through language due both to inner contradictions and to the ideas conflict with the traditional way of thinking. Due to the lack of the temporal component, the quantum theory cannot explain the process of the phenomena.

The blind confidence in formalism and the elaboration of the model ignoring the fundamental features of the reality supposed to be described made by the quantum model of the substance structure an inoperative theoretical instrument without predictive value.